DePIN Could Limit Mass Internet Outages That Disrupt Crypto. Here’s How

Cloudflare’s recent outage, which took down major websites and crypto interfaces, has prompted calls for the crypto sector to reduce its reliance on centralized Internet infrastructure and fast-track the switch to DePIN.

“On Nov. 18, we witnessed a single vendor become a systemic risk,” said Tae Oh, founder of decentralized satellite startup Spacecoin, in an interview with Cryptonews. At the peak of the incident, roughly a third of the world’s most-visited websites and apps, like ChatGPT and X, experienced errors.

“A significant portion of the crypto stack, including exchanges, DeFi dashboards, and price feeds, went offline at the user interface level,” Oh said. Major blockchains Bitcoin and Ethereum ran normally through the outage, producing blocks and processing transactions at the protocol layer.

“But if your exchange front end, your wallet API, or your RPC provider all sit behind the same content delivery network (CDN) and web app firewall, then your ’24/7 market’ is only as resilient as that single company’s configuration file.”

Cloudflare’s was the third mass Internet outage in two months, following disruptions at Amazon Web Services and Microsoft Azure in October, which caused global turmoil across thousands of platforms.

The company blamed the November downtime on a technical problem. But analysts warn that more outages will likely occur.

“Modern infrastructure is built on deeply interconnected systems,” one expert told the UK’s Independent newspaper. “Expect things to fail.”

Cloudflare is an Internet infrastructure company that powers many of the existing online experiences, including tools that help protect websites from cyber attacks and ensure sites do not crash, even with high traffic.

Crypto Contradicts Itself

Spacecoin’s Oh said the Cloudflare incident shows how crypto is still heavily dependent on the centralized systems it claims to transcend.

It also exposes the gap between crypto’s decentralized base layer and its centralized access layer, where a handful of cloud providers and CDNs serve critical functions such as routing, caching, and DDoS protection.

“We’ve optimized for performance and convenience … and quietly accepted a concentration of risk in a few cloud and edge providers,” Oh said, adding:

“For crypto, which sells itself on censorship-resistance and liveness, this is a contradiction.”

Christian Killer is the head of research at Acurast, a company that built a decentralized compute network, which is based on smartphones. Killer told Cryptonews that even though on-chain assets remain safe, users lose functional access the moment exchanges, wallets, or price feeds go dark.

“The entire experience collapses,” he said, “and trust in the technology decreases.” Killer added that the risk is systemic, not vendor-specific.

“The conclusion shouldn’t be that Cloudflare is bad, but that building decentralized systems on top of a narrow cluster of large centralized intermediaries directly contradicts the principles that crypto aims to achieve.”

What a DePIN-based Internet Might Have Changed

Experts say DePin networks distribute storage, compute and connectivity across dozens, even thousands, of nodes that run independently, instead of concentrating the same services in a small number of cloud regions.

A decentralized physical infrastructure network, or DePIN, architecture could not have prevented Cloudflare’s internal misconfiguration, Oh said. But it could’ve stopped such failures from snowballing into a worldwide outage.

“The value is in creating alternative, independently operated paths for traffic when a large edge or cloud network goes down,” said Oh, whose company recently sent a blockchain transaction through space, using its CTC-0 nanosatellite to validate data between Chile and Portugal.

The transaction is seen as a key step toward a censorship-resistant, blockchain-based internet that doesn’t rely on terrestrial providers.

In the interview with Cryptonews, Oh spelt out three areas in which DePIN could have limited the blast radius of the Cloudflare mass web outage, and others like it.

Alternative transport paths: Critical crypto services, such as exchanges, RPC providers, and oracles, could route traffic via decentralized wireless networks, community-operated relay nodes, and low-Earth-orbit satellite links. If DNS resolution and TLS termination at a major CDN fail, alternate paths keep APIs and trading gateways reachable.

Distributed ingress and caching: Instead of serving static assets and gateway endpoints via a single network, applications can replicate verifiable content across a mesh of independent nodes. Losing one operator then looks like a localized performance issue, not a global outage. Traffic can automatically shift toward healthy gateways that sit on different networks and in different jurisdictions

Out-of-band access for “must-stay-online” actors: Market makers, validators and custody teams can read and broadcast transactions through orbital links and hybrid satellite-ground networks, allowing continued access to mempools and blockchain state even during terrestrial outages.

“The first part of the crypto stack to benefit is the infrastructure layer: validators, full nodes, RPC gateways, bridges, and oracle networks,” Oh detailed, adding:

“Once those systems can route around voutages at the CDN or cloud layer, the applications – exchanges, wallets, and payments – can either remain online or degrade gracefully instead of disappearing.”

Acurast analyst Killer noted that DePIN networks grow stronger as more users join. “Users are actively incentivized to participate, thereby further fueling a flywheel effect that improves the [quality of] service,” he said.

Killer said Acurast, for example, decentralizes compute and networking “away from hyperscaler dependence,” allowing it to “continue serving data and compute requests even when centralized infrastructure halts.”

DePIN Adoption Remains Low

But decentralized infrastructure adoption in crypto and elsewhere is slow. Killer cited “developer tooling” and cloud lock-in as huge bottlenecks, since “many teams remain accustomed to centralized” cloud platforms.

While DePIN is “maturing quickly,” he said, moving to new decentralized models costs money and takes time, integration work and confidence that existing operators will not be disrupted.

Both Oh and Killer expect Internet outages to persist and have predicted that decentralized infrastructure networks will move from a niche service into the “required resilience layer.”

“In the short-term, [DePIN] will run alongside existing cloud setups for redundancy,” Killer said. “Over the next months and years, as tools mature and reliability is proven at scale, [it] will replace centralized clouds in some cases.”

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